High Frequency of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 Alleles Detected Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetic: Genetic Study in The Private Hospital in Yogyakarta

Smoking is a risk factor for type 2 diabetic (T2DM), since the nicotine in cigarettes can cause insulin resistance and increase lipolysis. Both of these worsen condition patients with T2DM treatment failure. Nicotine metabolized to cotinine by CYP2A6 enzyme encoded gene. This gene highly polymorphic, several inactive alleles, which are *4, *7, *9. Someone who has an will experience being slow or poor metabolizer. Therefore, metabolism decrease, blood levels increase, causing therapy failure among T2DM. study aims determine distribution CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, CYP2A6*9 have been routinely treated using oral antidiabetics. We also investigated whether HbA1c predictor success treatment. observational was conducted cross-sectional design. Polymerase chain reaction used analyze three alleles specific primers. Based on our study, there high frequency i.e., CYP2A6*9, The presence reduce effectiveness therapy. cessation programs needed anti-diabetic